SOCIAL, CULTURAL & ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF BIRTH CONTROL

It is widely acknowledged that the advent of birth control measures has provided opportunities to women to control their body function in terms of pregnancy and childbirth. But there is a debate doing the rounds whether social, economic and cultural impacts of birth control measures have been as important as the advent and impact of vaccines and antibiotics? I believe that impact of birth control measures on the cultural, social, and economic aspects of the society has been as important as that of vaccines and antibiotics.

THE DESIRE OF DESTINY THROUGH THE WILD

Introduction

Destiny or fate is a concept based on the belief of a society or an individual that there is a permanent natural order to the cosmos in terms of occurrence of activity or happening. Fate describes events or activities as ordered or "inevitable" and inescapable. Three goddesses are dispensing fate in European and Classical mythology, known as Parcae in Roman mythology, as Moirai in Greek mythology and as Norns in Norse mythology.

In the anime Mawaru Penguindrum, Destiny has become a prominent theme that focuses on the concept that none can run away from their own fate.

Determinism is a philosophical, metaphysical position beginning for everything that occurs. There are pre-ordered conditions except those pre-ordered conditions, nothing else could take place.

Throughout the history of philosophy, deterministic theories have sprung from considerations and diverse motives and some of which overlap. Empirically, with ideas stemming from the philosophy of physics and  some form of determinism can be tested. Determinism is always contradicted with free will and the opposite of determinism can be called in-determinism.

In both Eastern and non-Eastern religion, literature and philosophy have articulated the idea that the entire universe is a deterministic system. In the philosophical schools of India, ‘Karma’, the concept of precise and repetitive effect of laws that explains the existence of all sentient beings is alike to the deterministic concept of Western. 

In Indian religions, Karma refer the concept of "deed" or "action". It is recognized as which causes the entire cycle of cause and effect originated in ancient India and treated in Jain, Sikh, Hindu and Buddhist philosophies. Karma is believed deterministic and predetermined in the universe that is combined with the decisions (free will) of a human. It builds up to determine futuristic situations that the human come across.

Pre-Socratics, Heraclitus, and Leucippus have been expressed some elements of determination in the West.  Determinism in the West is always combined with Newtonian physics. It describes the physical substance of the universe as functioning according to a set of fixed laws. With the introduction of quantum physics, the West also considered the uncertainty factor affects the causes and effects relationship. 

How different people perceive destiny? - Theoretical perspectives

In a troublesome situation, some people set back while others remain unscathed. Many studies concluded that cognitive factors such as attitudes, perceptions and personal beliefs determine how an individual responds to a negative event (Dweck, 1999; Dweck, C & Hong, 1995; Hong, C, Dweck, L & Wan 1999).

The mindsets of individuals help them navigate through their conceptual world, that shows them what needs to be approached, what needs to be avoided and how to respond when things go well as well as when things go badly. However, Implicit Theories of Relationships (ITR) still not succeeded in unveiling how mindsets about relationships influence one's behavior. (Knee, et al. 1998)

Molden, et al. (2006) concluded that people with fixed mindset in domains unrelated to relationships experience found it difficult in adapting with setbacks.  They become defensive and engage in behaviors that meant to boost their feelings of self-esteem.

There are two schools of thought; Destiny theorists who tend to attribute frustrating experiences to steady factors, whereas Growth theorists who attribute the same to controllable factors (Hong et al., 1999; Knee et al., 2003).

Warburton, et al. (2006) suggested that ostracism is an unchangeable judgment among strong destiny believers. As a result, they perceive lower levels of control, in comparison to those who hold strong growth beliefs. A deprived sense of control increases aggression within ostracized individuals.

People have many beliefs that guide them to achieve certain goals more than the others. They tend to view other individuals and themselves in either a rigid or a dynamic ways to worry or learn from inevitable setbacks and failures of life as well as relationship conflicts. Those beliefs are codified into working theories (implicit theories) of the human mindset.

Dweck, et al. (1999) identified two different levels of implicit theories;

a.       Entity theorists, who believe that personal attributes such as intelligence, personality and morality are fixed and unalterable. They form quick and rigid judgments on others. When faced with setbacks, they use defensive, self-esteem boosting behavior at the expense of problem-solving.

b.      Incremental theorists, in comparison, trust that personal attributes are flexible and can be improved. They build flexible and tentative assessments of others that are favorable to effective agreement and negotiation and answer to setbacks as chances for more learning-oriented behaviors that are necessary to resolve tricky challenges successfully.

Destiny theorists have the belief of that potential relationship partners are either compatible or they are not. Growth theorists believe through effective problem solving that relationships become cultivated. Destiny theorists speedily identify the potential success and the status of a relationship.  The viability of relationship and the compatibility of relationship partners based on limited information achieve through specific events.

Growth theorists have the contrast believe that “relationship challenges can be overcome" (Knee, et al. 2003). Growth theorists work on developing a relationship when facing obstructions, and they have the interest in maintaining the relationship.

Three aspects demanding attention about early hominin behavior are the issues of self-awareness and consciousness and Theory of Mind (ToM). Theory of Mind describes the fact that any animal has the ability to attribute its mental status to others to understand the desires, beliefs, knowledge and intentions. (Baron-Cohen, 1991; Baron- Cohen et al., 1997; Bednarik, 2011b; Frith and Happé, 1994; Happé, 1997; Happé et al., 1996; Jacques and Zelazo, 2005; Jarrold et al., 2000; Ozonoff and Miller, 1995; Premack and Woodruff, 1978).

Baumeister (1991), Bunderson and Thompson (2009) noted through observation that neoclassical approaches reveal how the term has been historically understood and emphasize a sense of prosocial duty and destiny.

Dik and Duffy (2009) recognized three elements in their review of the variety of definitions of the social sciences and humanities.

a.       The conception of an external summons is the first element. When an individual feels “called” to a precise type of work, which may come in the form of a superior power, the needs of one's country, the needs of society any other power external to the individual.

b.      The second element is that an individual approach to work aligns with a sense of purpose in life. For such persons, work is either a life domain or source of purpose in life.

c.       An individual’s career is prosaically oriented is the third component. That is individuals with a calling their career to help others directly or indirectly.

In these studies, a remarkable range of sources of the calling have been described by participants, such as some external (e.g., God, superior power), some internal (e.g., one's own interests, passions, values, and skills), and some of the participants may fall in the overlap of external and internal such as sense of destiny (e.g., what is meant to do).

A group of working adults who felt that they had a calling was selected for a study. They were asked which of the three source conceptualizations best fit where their calling originated- a sense of destiny, external summons or a perfect fit. More than half of the participants recognized with the notion of finding a perfect fit (55%), with 22% a sense of destiny and 23% identifying an external summons. Most importantly, the level of satisfaction on work among individuals was same though the source of conceptualization was diverse.

Control Your Destiny or Someone Else Will

 Jack Welsh, CEO of General Electric (GE)- the World’s Most Competitive Corporation- emphasizes the importance of facing the reality, in good as well as bad times, as an ethical obligation for managers and even for anybody whose actions affect a broader community. In his mission to bring GE to the top corporate, he had to undergo fundamental and radical changes in his organization, which he referred as a revolution. That was targeted at tackling market competition at the global level and to better service GE's customers.

 Jack restructured his organization by eliminating internal barriers such as hierarchy, functions and geography in building up closer relationships with its customers and also suppliers. All his efforts were concerned in harnessing emotional energy rather than freighting them. He had to spend months to communicate this message to all of his employees, which involved more listening than talking.

 He strongly communicated six basic rules in change management;

1.      Control your destiny or someone else will

2.      Face entity as it is, not as it was or as one wish it were

3.      Be candid with everyone

4.      Don’t manage, lead

5.      Change before you have to

6.      If one don't have a competitive advantage, don't compete

Religious beliefs on Destiny

Karma is known as "the law of cause and effect" in spiritism. It plays a imperative role in determining how a person's life should be lived. Spirits are encouraged to select when and how to undergo retribution for the mistake they executed in previous lives. Physical or mental injury, disability or even an unsuccessful life are due to the selections a spirit makes before reincarnating.

Spiritism differentiates from many more traditional religious ideas as it realizes karma as a situation inherent to the spirit. It further explains though incarnated or not: the results of the offenses committed by the spirit continue beyond the physical life and make to suffer in the afterlife. The acceptance of hardship in life is considered as a way in which a person can attain to a higher level by getting rid of pain occurred due to moral guilt.

Spiritism often admitted the plurality of inhabited worlds, and the notion of karma became significantly complex. A spirit may select to be born in a place inferior to his own as a mission or as a penance.

Western cultures have concepts similar to karma. Christian explanation similar to karma as follows:

“Comprise reap what one sows” (Galatians 6:7)

“Violence begets violence and lives by the sword, die by the sword.”  (Mathew 26:52)

In Hinduism, God is centered and plays the role as a dispenser of its version of karma. Similarly, the karma perceived by Western world portrays it as some sort of supernatural, mystical force rather than an outcome of causality.

Gender applications on Destiny

Anru (2009) pointed out the impact of gender aspect in shaping one’s own destiny based on the case studies conducted in Taiwan. The pressure coming from immediate family members can influence the decision-making capability among women. The marriage is perceived as part of a Taiwanese woman's destiny, as it can make a huge difference in family interactions. Apart from that, other stratifying factors such as age, cast, class, race, religion, nationality and sexuality within a socio-cultural system will play a key role in determining the destiny of women.

Technology impacts on Destiny

Latest years many sources point out that industrial civilization has come overshoot mode, and the natural limits to growth have been already exceeded. If the economy and population are truly beyond the limits, then current theories of social change and visions would be deeply perturbed. If the development epoch is approaching its conclusion, then many sociological theories on present societies will have to share the same destiny. 

The human beings will face two major challenges in the twenty-first century; invent substitute energy source to substitute fossil fuel and the production of food for over seven billion population. Great anxiety is generated by those two challenges alone, which can lead to desperation. However, humankind needs to face it proactively by offering positive solutions towards the betterment of life.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the desire of knowing the future or the destiny provides a potential for conscious social change. The perceptions held within people are created by their knowledge, cultural values, beliefs and experiences.  There are many people living in difficult circumstances, but yet hesitant to make a move due to a conservative mindset. Those who make radical changes in their life expose to high risks, however, they experience different dimensions of life. Destiny, even though people still believe as a pre-determined entity, many have disproved it. The case study on Jack Welsh concludes us the destiny can be our creation when opportunity meets the enthusiasm.

                                                           

Work Cited

Anru Lee. “Shaping one's own destiny: Global economy, family, and women's struggle in the Taiwanese context.” Women's Studies International Forum 32 (2009): 120–129.

Baron-Cohen S. Precursors to a theory of mind: understanding attention in others. Oxford, 1991.

Baron-Cohen S, Jolliffe T, Mortimore C, Robertson M. “Another advanced test of theory of mind: evidence from very high functioning adults with autism or Aspergersyndrome.” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 38 (1997): 813-822.

Baumeister R F. Meanings of life. New York: Guilford, 1991.

Bednarik R G. Genetic drift in recent human evolution: Advances in Genetics Research. New York: Nova Science, 2011

Bob Doyle. Free Will: The Scandal in Philosophy.  1^st ed. USA: Backstage Library Works, 2011.

Bunderson J S, Thompson J A. “The call of the wild: Zookeepers, callings, and the double-edged sword of deeply meaningful work.” Administrative Science Quarterly 54 (2009): 32–57.

Cornelius, Geoffrey C. The Moment of Astrology: Origins in Divination New York: Penguin Group (1994)

Dik B J, Duffy R D. “Calling and vocation at work: Definitions and prospects for research and practice.” The Counseling Psychologist 37 (2009): 424–450.

Dweck C S. Self-theories: Their role in motivation, personality, and development. Philadelphia: Psychology, 1999.

Dweck C S, Chiu C, Hong Y. “Implicit theories and their roles in judgments and reactions: A world from two perspectives.” Psychological Inquiry 6 (1995) 268–285.

Frith U, Happé FGE. “Autism: beyond theory of mind.” Cognition 50 (1994): 115–132.

Happé F G E. “Central coherence and theory of mind in autism: reading homographs in context.” Developmental Psychology 15 (1997): 1–12.

Happé F, Ehlers S, Fletcher P, Frith U, Johansson M, Gillberg C, Dolan R, Frackowiak R, Frith C. “Theory of mind in the brain: evidence from a PET scan study of Asperger syndrome.” Emotions of Animals and Humans 8 (1996) 197–201.

Hong, Wan W, Dweck CS, Lin D, and Chiu C, “Implicit theories, attributions, and coping: A meaning system approach”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,77,(1999) 588–599.

Jacques S, Zelazo P D. Language and the development of cognitive flexibility: implications for theory of mind. Toronto: Oxford University, 2005.

 Jarrold C, Butler D W, Coltington EM, Jimenez F. “Linking theory of mind and central coherence bias in autism and the general population.” Developmental Psychology 36 (2000): 126–138.

Knee C R. “Implicit theories of relationships: Assessment and prediction of romantic relationship initiation, coping, and longevity.” Personality and Social Psychology 74 (1998) 360–370.

Knee C R, Patrick H, Lonsbary C.  “Implicit theories of relationships: Orientations toward evaluation and cultivation.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 7 (2003) 41–55.

Molden D C, Dweck C S. “Finding ‘meaning’ in psychology: A lay theories approach to self-regulation, social perception, and social development.” American Psychologist 61 (2006): 192–203.

M Tichy, Stratford Sherman. Control Your Destiny or Someone Else Will. USA: Doubleday Business,(1993).

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Parvesh Singla. The Manual of Life – Karma. 1^st ed. India: 5 (2011).

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Richard Langdon Franklin. Freewill and determinism: a study of rival conceptions of man, 1968.

Warburton W. A, Williams K D, Cairns D R. “When ostracism leads to aggression: The moderating effects of control deprivation.” Experimental Social Psychology 42 (2006) 213–220.

POTABLE WATER ISSUE IN NIGERIA

Water sustainability is a significant issue in Nigeria like many other developing nations. The water sustainability in Nigeria is associated with many factors including desertification; forests and the depletion of critical wetlands. Also, it includes the pollution of water sources from point sources such as industrial effluent and urban domestic wastes; unregulated utilization of groundwater for domestic purposes. The unsustainability has given rise to the issue of unavailability of portable water for citizens in many regions especially in the rural areas. Water scarcity in this context translates to questions like an outbreak of diseases as well as other health related issues, reduction in productivity and inefficiency in agricultural practices and many others.

WHAT MAKES PALM JUMERIAH WONDERLAND

You are not a real tourist until you have paid Dubai a visit. It is a city with many superb facilities that would keep you coming back for more. The top notch city comprises of a lot of amazing features of which Palm Jumeriah stands out. Many people call Palm Jumeriah a wonderland. You would of course wonder why it is given this name. Obviously, there are great numbers of wonders in this artificial island that gives it the name.

Amazing Shape

You will really appreciate the shape of this manmade archipelago. Its shape and of course, its architecture, further buttresses the fact that Dubai is out to make even greater records in the world. In fact, the name of the island is quite connected to its shape. A lot of folks assert that the island got its name from its shape. Interestingly, the Palm Jumeriah Island has the shape of a palm tree and its trunk. No doubts, this is obviously a masterpiece of design and architecture of the greatest kind. In fact, it is quite an amazing combination of dexterity, construction, architecture and state of the art technology. The resultant shape is in the form of a crown which is linked to land via a bridge. Subsea tunnels are used in connecting the top to the crescent. If viewed from above, the Palm Jumeriah would appear just in form of a palm tree. It is indeed an amazing design.

Fine Architecture

It is not an overstatement to say that you will find the most intimidating architectures in Dubai. Palm Jumeriah is indeed one of the excellent architectures you can find here and of course there are many more in this famous United Arab Emirate city. Here, some top notch processes such as rainbowing is employed in order to give rise to the magnificent design that we see. It is not surprising that the construction of the structure cost US$ 12.3 billion and this is not the only cost involved because money is spent to maintain it.

Quite Luxurious

Dubai has a number of hotels and attractive sites to show off. Dubai’s resorts and hotels are the finest you can find around. These are some of the finest resorts in great demand across the globe. Palm Jumeriah is also one of the top hotels in Dubai. It is quite exclusive and has a lot of attractive and interesting features to show for it. Besides lots of interesting features and activities take place in the island that keeps on attracting a number of visitors and tourists to it. The island has hosted and still hosts some super models.

Palm Jumeriah is one of the popular places in Dubai that makes the city tick. It is indeed a place to be if you really want to enjoy the most of your life. The exceptional architecture, construction, design and demonstration of some of the best technologies obviously show that Palm Jumeriah is a wonderland. It is important to mention that this artificial island was constructed by the Nakheel group and they employed land  reclamation to make it possible.

HOW TO USE AND CHECK TWITTER FOR PREDICTIONS?

Use of social media for marketing or business demands a great effort. You have to struggle to enhance your productivity. You need to predict and find some new ways and ideas for your business. You should directly engage your customers and discuss with them about their needs. Here are some ways you can target your customers for your forecasts.

1)    Real Discussions:

If you want your customers to help you in predictions then join them on a social network. It is the most important part of the business to interact with your customers to know about their demands. Their feedback can help you improve your services. The best way to find customers through social networks is to find a real discussion about the topic where people are sharing their real concerns and ideas. Look for the highly followed and replied accounts and tweets related to you where members are energetically engaged with each other.  Also, check the places where marketers only place a link of their product and nothing more. There you can develop a discussion with other viewers. There are some tweets or accounts without any kind of following. You just avoid these tweets because they are not worth to waste time. You should drop your own links in such places where people are interested in your product.

2)    Consider Competitors accounts:

If you do not find any places to interact with the customers to make predictions about your marketing then try an opponent’s account. Keep an eye on his tweets and discussions of the people on it. Get into those discussions and try to find your way. Find out the difficulties and other problems of the customers. There you can find some colleagues, partners, and customers. If you have something better than your competitor then try to attract customers.

3)    Make Sure Customers are There:

Once you are in the account of the opponent or some other place related to your marketing then make sure, potential customers are present there. Make sure that everyone is actively engaged and making a valuable discussion. Just take a look at the profiles and bios of the active members. This method will help you to separate some serious customers and engage with them.

4)    Try Local Marketing Accounts:

If you want to find more active customers then try some local business accounts. They have some real customers that are really interested in the product. Such accounts are more reasonable than the general accounts. You can target customers from specific area.

Tips for Success In Predictions:

•    Keep your profile up to date.

•    Try to follow the rules set by those who have tweeted.

•    Avoid pasting your link in the replies of tweets.

•    Leave discussions that are not useful.

In conclusion, while using Twitter as the marketing tool, you need to stay updated by discussing problems with customers. This helps you in predicting future of your marketing. These methods mentioned above are very easy and profitable to acquire desired results and check twitter for predictions. 

AIR POLLUTION IN HONG KONG AND ITS EFFECTS ON HUMAN LIVES

Nowadays, many of the world’s countries are suffering from pollution. There are numerous kinds of pollution all over the world namely noise pollution, air pollution, water pollution and much more. These pollutions are affecting human lives in various parts of the world. I will evaluate air pollution with a particular emphasis on prevailing air pollution issue in Hong Kong in this paper. In addition, I will focus on associated health effects and recommendations that need to be implemented to minimize the air pollution issue.

Air pollution occurring due to vehicles and industries is also affecting important layer known as the Ozone layer. This layer protects us from ultraviolet rays radiated from the sun. In Hong Kong, air pollution is considered as the most harmful and dangerous element. Rapid industrialization growth of Hong Kong in past twenty years has given rise to many environmental issues related health. However, pollution remedies could not cope with the growth of the economy, industry, and population.

Particulate matter (PM) emitted from industries and vehicles are affecting the human health, visibility, and climate. Different burning sources enriched in toxic chemical are major point sources of these PM. The concentration of PM in Hong Kong depends on the season that poses low and high level in summer and colder seasons, respectively. In addition, different gases coming out from cars are emitting from chemical resources. These gases are so thick that the element of visibility is limited up to only less than eight kilometers for approximately 30% duration of the year. Due to this air pollution, a huge amount of diseases and the overall number of victims have been increased. The main diseases include Asthma and Bronchial that have been increased with a great quantity. These are badly affecting the lives, health, living style, daily life work, their relations and much more.

In addition, most of the power generation industries use coal as a fuel. Coal is enriched with sulfur and emit SO₂ during burning process along with other pollutants as particulates, NO_X and so forth. The power generation plants are contributing 50% of Hong Kong’s total emissions of mono-nitrogen oxides and particulates as well as 92% of its sulfur dioxide pollution. The most of the local industries are working without installation of equipment required for removal of pipe gas from the coal.

Visibility is an important aspect for the human lives. As per reports, low visibility rates have occurred nearly 18% during the year 2004 that was the highest recorded frequency in this area. In the year 1997, the number of days in which the element of visibility was only eight kilometers was limited to only 40 days. This number increased greatly within the year of 2005 scoring up to 102 days. Even currently, different discussions are going on to declare Hong Kong as the darkest area of the world where the light of the sun stays up very less.

The rates of pollutant-emitting from vehicles and different industries have been increased due to the use of much more heavy vehicles nowadays. Hong Kong is packed with a great number of roads that remain occupied by a huge number of the vehicle daily. This is because people of Hong Kong are typical for intensively working for their lives. It creates such a connection between these people and those vehicles that could be easily observed. Doctors have their opinion regarding such gases and their effects on human lives. It introduced many diseases within the population such as asthma, lung infections and increased the cardio-respiratory death by 2 to 3% with an increase of ten micrograms per cubic meter of pollution. These gases are also affecting people or patients that are staying within hospitals and an increase in the number of deaths are increasing so rapidly.

Proper helpful measurements must be adopted to enhance safety for human lives within Hong Kong. The local industries and vehicles need to use renewable energy sources like solar, biofuel and so forth. This is a prime responsibility of the government to ease the stakeholders for these clean energy sources. Desulfurization of coal should be carried out before burning it in power generation plants. There is an urgency to make collaboration with Guangdong Province in order to plan helpful measures to overcome the serious air pollution problem prevailing in Hong Kong. Otherwise, each and every person living there will suffer from a great disease with no cure.

REVIEW ON CHILDHOOD OF MUHAMMAD (SAW)

There are no words to review childhood of Muhammad (SAW) but our youth may interest to know about childhood of Muhammad.

Birth of Muhammad (SAW)

Birth Place of Muhammad (SAW)

Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim, in brief, Muhammad (SAW), son of Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib (father) and Aminah (mother) was born in 570 CE at Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia (presently Saudi Arabia). As per the scholar, Muhammad Sulaiman Al-Mansourpuri, and the astrologer, Mahmud Pasha, Muhammad (PBUH) the Prophet, was born in Makkah, in Bani Hashim Lane, on Monday morning, in the year of the Elephant Event, on the twelfth of Rabi Al-Awwal, forty years of the reign of Khosru Nushirwan (Kisra) corresponding to the twenty or twenty-second of April, 571 A.D. His mother reported about bright light emanating from her pudendum illuminated the palaces of Syria at the time of His birth,

Childhood of Muhammad and Haleemah

As per the Arab’s custom, He was circumcised on the 7^th day, and it was Thuyebah, the concubine of Abu Lahab, other than his mother who suckled him. Also, as per the contemporary custom of the Arabs, He was, as a child, sent to Bedouin wet nurses to grow up in a healthy and free environment of the desert, and develop a robust bodily frame. It is widely believed that His being an orphan, no woman was ready to suckle Him. However, one Haleemah bint Abi Dhuaib wife of Al-Harith bin Abdul Uzza took pity and agreed to suckle Him. On doing so, Haleemah was blessed with good fortunes. Muhammad stayed with Haleemah up to four to five years of age. As written by Anas in Sahih Muslim, Gabriel, the angel, ripped open Mohammad’s chest one day coming down to Him, took out the Satan from His heart, and sewed the chest which looked as usual. His companions came running to His mother (Nurse) Haleemah and informed her that Muhammad was murdered. She along with others came running to Him and found Him as usual hale and hearty. Haleemah became too concerned about the welfare of Muhammad and returned Him to His mother at around six years of His age.

With Muhammad back with her, His mother decided to pay a visit to her husband’s grave situated 500 kilometers away at Yathrib in Madinah. She stayed there with Muhammad, a woman servant, and her father-in-law for a month, and set out on the return journey to Makkah. However, she died due to an illness somewhere at a place called Abwah between Makkah and Madinah, and thus, child Muhammad lost His mother, too. His grandfather Abdul Muttalib, brought Him to Makkah and took great care of Him.

Childhood of Muhammad and Forecasting

Abdul Muttalib, his grandfather, forecasted that Muhammad was destined to make a mark in the world. However, at the age of eight years, two months, and ten days, He lost his grandfather, too, and came under the patronage of his uncle Abu Talib, His father’s brother. Abu Talib took the Prophet at 12 years of His age in a business trip to Syria where they met a monk Bahira who prophesied that Muhammad would be the master of all humans as He would get Messages from Allah.

When Muhammad was hardly fifteen, the “sacrilegious” war broke out and continued for several years causing huge losses of men and materials. At last, peace was restored, and Muhammad was instrumental in forming a confederacy to maintain peace. He has conferred the ministry of Prophethood.