The hybrid electric vehicles are vehicles that utilize energy from different
resources including electric grid and having tendancy to replace petroleum
as a source of energy.Hybrid electric vehicles are also one of these hybrid vehicles having minimized energy consumption and emissions including carbon dioxide comparative
to traditional vehicles. Battery size, cost,weight, and its life cycle are
important concerns in Total Ownership Cost (TCO). Payback period is also important while making calculations for purchasing cost of hybrid vehicles. Although,it is true,that hybrid vehicles have a higher manufacturing cost
in comparison with traditional vehicles.
Many studies have
investigated to evaluate hybrid electrical vehicles based on the fuel economy and initial costs in 2010 including Fisker Karma and Toyota Prius in 2011 and 2012
respectively. The results showed variations in the context of model and
assumptions associated with benefits and cost calculation. The initial cost
varies between $:4600 and $:9100. Moreover, maintenance and salvage
value were not incorporated as a component of TCO.
To calculate TCO,
average electricity consumption and fuel for different driving distances can be
taken into account. The studies reported average power usage of about 15
kWh/100 km for the CD-mode and traction electricity is offered mostly by an internal combustion engine in CS-mode, so the typical power usage over the entire driving range reduced,
where the average energy intake was improving. The outcomes for energy intake
of the hybrid electric cars are dramatically higher compared with the EREV especially for greater
electric battery sizes. The calculated energy intake was 135 MJ/100 km for a
battery size of 5 kWh, which represented the configuration of Toyota
Prius-PHEV. For this instance, the share of usage for electrical power from
grid and fuel were determined as 15 % and 85 %, respectively. The consumed electricity expense for electrical energy and fuel were calculated based on the
electricity intake and the assumed costs of the power service providers. In addition, studies showed that the energy cost
decrease by increasing size of battery size..
Based on model developed energy cost for hybrid car is 0.68/Km
So, TCO based on fuel
consumption for 100000 Km = $6826
Gasoline consumption of
Toyota Corolla with same features =10000liter
Gasoline price on the
31st July 2014= $1.279/liter (App.)
Hence, total fuel cost
for conventional vehicle for travel distance of 100000 Km =$12790
In short, it is evident
from the above TCO calculations that the hybrid vehicles are more economical
with half operating cost apart from environmental friendly. The user may enjoy benefits by exemption of the carbon tax and same them them from fluctuating
fuel prices.
